draft-ietf-monami6-multiplecoa-pre07-1.txt   draft-ietf-monami6-multiplecoa-pre07-2.txt 
MEXT Working Group R. Wakikawa (Editor) MEXT Working Group R. Wakikawa (Editor)
Internet-Draft Toyota ITC/Keio Univ. Internet-Draft Toyota ITC/Keio Univ.
Intended status: Standards Track T. Ernst Intended status: Standards Track T. Ernst
Expires: October 17, 2008 INRIA Expires: October 24, 2008 INRIA
K. Nagami K. Nagami
INTEC NetCore INTEC NetCore
V. Devarapalli V. Devarapalli
Azaire Networks Azaire Networks
April 15, 2008 April 22, 2008
Multiple Care-of Addresses Registration Multiple Care-of Addresses Registration
draft-ietf-monami6-multiplecoa-pre07.txt draft-ietf-monami6-multiplecoa-pre07-2.txt
Status of this Memo Status of this Memo
By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any
applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware
have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes
aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79. aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that
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and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt. http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt.
The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.
This Internet-Draft will expire on October 17, 2008. This Internet-Draft will expire on October 24, 2008.
Copyright Notice Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2008). Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2008).
Abstract Abstract
According to the current Mobile IPv6 specification, a mobile node may According to the current Mobile IPv6 specification, a mobile node may
have several care-of addresses, but only one, called the primary have several care-of addresses, but only one, called the primary
care-of address, that can be registered with its home agent and the care-of address, that can be registered with its home agent and the
skipping to change at page 3, line 34 skipping to change at page 3, line 34
5.4. Bulk Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 5.4. Bulk Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5.5. Binding De-Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 5.5. Binding De-Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.6. Returning Home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 5.6. Returning Home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.6.1. Using only Interface attached to the Home Link . . . . 20 5.6.1. Using only Interface attached to the Home Link . . . . 20
5.6.2. Using only Interface attached to the Visited Link . . 20 5.6.2. Using only Interface attached to the Visited Link . . 20
5.6.3. Simultaneous Home and Visited Link Operation . . . . . 20 5.6.3. Simultaneous Home and Visited Link Operation . . . . . 20
5.7. Receiving Binding Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 5.7. Receiving Binding Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.8. Receiving Binding Refresh Request . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 5.8. Receiving Binding Refresh Request . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5.9. Bootstrapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 5.9. Bootstrapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
6. Home Agent and Correspondent Node Operation . . . . . . . . . 28 6. Home Agent and Correspondent Node Operation . . . . . . . . . 27
6.1. Searching Binding Cache with Binding Identifier . . . . . 28 6.1. Searching Binding Cache with Binding Identifier . . . . . 27
6.2. Receiving CoTI and Sending CoT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 6.2. Receiving CoTI and Sending CoT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
6.3. Processing Binding Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 6.3. Processing Binding Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
6.4. Sending Binding Refresh Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 6.4. Sending Binding Refresh Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
6.5. Receiving Packets from Mobile Node . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 6.5. Receiving Packets from Mobile Node . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
7. Network Mobility Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 7. Network Mobility Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
8. DSMIPv6 Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 8. DSMIPv6 Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
8.1. IPv4 Care-of Address Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 8.1. IPv4 Care-of Address Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
8.2. IPv4 HoA Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 8.2. IPv4 HoA Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
9. IPsec and IKEv2 interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 9. IPsec and IKEv2 interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
9.1. Use of Care-of Address in the IKEv2 exchange . . . . . . . 35 9.1. Use of Care-of Address in the IKEv2 exchange . . . . . . . 35
9.2. Transport Mode IPsec protected messages . . . . . . . . . 36 9.2. Transport Mode IPsec protected messages . . . . . . . . . 36
skipping to change at page 6, line 43 skipping to change at page 6, line 43
The Binding Identifier mobility option is used to carry the BID The Binding Identifier mobility option is used to carry the BID
information. information.
Bulk Registration Bulk Registration
A mobile node can register multiple bindings at once by sending a A mobile node can register multiple bindings at once by sending a
single Binding Update. A mobile node can also replace some or all single Binding Update. A mobile node can also replace some or all
the bindings available at the home agent with the new bindings by the bindings available at the home agent with the new bindings by
using the bulk registration. Bulk registration is supported only using the bulk registration. Bulk registration is supported only
with the home agent as explained in Section 5.5. A mobile node for the home registration (i.e. with the home agent) as explained
MUST NOT perform bulk registration with a correspondent node. in Section 5.4. A mobile node MUST NOT perform bulk registration
with a correspondent node.
3. Protocol Overview 3. Protocol Overview
A new extension called the Binding identification number (BID) is A new extension called the Binding identification number (BID) is
introduced to distinguish between multiple bindings pertaining to the introduced to distinguish between multiple bindings pertaining to the
same home address. If a mobile node configures several IPv6 global same home address. If a mobile node configures several IPv6 global
addresses on one or more of its interfaces, it can register these addresses on one or more of its interfaces, it can register these
addresses with its home agent as care-of addresses. If the mobile addresses with its home agent as care-of addresses. If the mobile
node wants to register multiple bindings, it MUST generate a BID for node wants to register multiple bindings, it MUST generate a BID for
each care-of address and store the BID in the binding update list. A each care-of address and store the BID in the binding update list. A
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1. The mobile node uses only the interface with which it attaches to 1. The mobile node uses only the interface with which it attaches to
the home link illustrated in Figure 2. It de-registers all the home link illustrated in Figure 2. It de-registers all
bindings related to all care-of addresses to the home agent. The bindings related to all care-of addresses to the home agent. The
interfaces still attached to the visited link(s) are no longer interfaces still attached to the visited link(s) are no longer
going to be receiving any encapsulated traffic from the home going to be receiving any encapsulated traffic from the home
agent. On the other hand, the mobile node can continue agent. On the other hand, the mobile node can continue
communicating with the correspondent node from the other communicating with the correspondent node from the other
interfaces attached to foreign links by using route optimization. interfaces attached to foreign links by using route optimization.
Even if the mobile node is attached to the home link, it can Even if the mobile node is attached to the home link, it can
still send Binding Updates for other active care-of addresses still send Binding Updates for other active care-of addresses
(CoA2 and CoA3) to correspondent nodes. Since the correspondent (CoA1 and CoA2) to correspondent nodes. Since the correspondent
node has bindings, packets are routed to each Care-of Addresses node has bindings, packets are routed to each Care-of Addresses
directly. directly.
+----+ +----+
| CN | | CN |
+--+-+ +--+-+
| |
+---+------+ +----+ +---+------+ +----+
+------+ Internet |----------+ HA | +------+ Internet |----------+ HA |
| +--------+-+ +--+-+ | +----+-----+ +--+-+
CoA2| | | Home Link CoA2| | | Home Link
+--+--+ | --+---+------ +--+--+ | --+---+------
| MN +========+ | | | MN +========+ |
+--+--+ | | | +--+--+ CoA1 |
CoA3| +---|-----------+ | |
+---------------+ +---------------------------+
Binding Cache Database: Binding Cache Database:
home agent's binding home agent's binding
none none
correspondent node's binding correspondent node's binding
binding [a:b:c:d::EUI care-of address1 BID1]
binding [a:b:c:d::EUI care-of address2 BID2] binding [a:b:c:d::EUI care-of address2 BID2]
binding [a:b:c:d::EUI care-of address3 BID3]
Figure 2: Using only Interface Attached to Home Link Figure 2: Using only Interface Attached to Home Link
2. The mobile node uses only the interfaces still attached to the 2. The mobile node uses only the interfaces still attached to the
visited link(s) as shown in Figure 3. The interface with which visited link(s) as shown in Figure 3. The interface with which
the mobile node attaches to the home link is not used. the mobile node attaches to the home link is not used.
+----+ +----+
| CN | | CN |
+--+-+ +--+-+
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3. The mobile node may simultaneously use both the interface 3. The mobile node may simultaneously use both the interface
attached to the home link and the interfaces still attached to attached to the home link and the interfaces still attached to
the visited link(s) as shown in Figure 4. There are two possible the visited link(s) as shown in Figure 4. There are two possible
topologies whether the home agent is single router at the home topologies whether the home agent is single router at the home
link or not. The operation of Neighbor Discovery [RFC-2461] is link or not. The operation of Neighbor Discovery [RFC-2461] is
different in the two topologies. The home agent and the different in the two topologies. The home agent and the
correspondent node have the binding entries listed in Figure 4 in correspondent node have the binding entries listed in Figure 4 in
their binding cache database in both topologies. The home agent their binding cache database in both topologies. The home agent
also knows that the mobile node has attached to the home link. also knows that the mobile node has attached to the home link.
All the traffic from the Internet are intercepted by the home All the traffic from the Internet is intercepted by the home
agent first and routed to either the interface attached to the agent first and routed to either the interface attached to the
home link or the one attached to the foreign links. How to make home link or the one of the foreign links. How to make the
the decision is out of scope in this document. decision is out of scope in this document.
Topology-a) Topology-a)
+----+ +----+
| CN | | CN |
+--+-+ +--+-+
| |
+---+------+ +----+ +---+------+ +----+
+------+ Internet |----------+ HA | +------+ Internet |----------+ HA |
| +----+-----+ +--+-+ | +----+-----+ +--+-+
CoA2| | | Home Link CoA2| | | Home Link
+--+--+ | --+---+------ +--+--+ | --+---+------
| MN +========+ | | MN +========+ |
+--+--+ CoA1 | +--+--+ CoA1 |
CoA3 | | | |
+---------------------------+ +---------------------------+
Topology-b) Topology-b)
+----+ +----+
| CN | | CN |
+--+-+ +--+-+
| |
+---+------+ Router +----+ +---+------+ Router +----+
+------+ Internet |-------R | HA | +------+ Internet |-------R | HA |
| +----+-----+ | +--+-+ | +----+-----+ | +--+-+
CoA2| | | | Home Link CoA2| | | | Home Link
+--+--+ | --+-+-------+------ +--+--+ | --+-+-------+------
| MN +========+ | | MN +========+ |
+--+--+ CoA1 | +--+--+ CoA1 |
CoA3 | | | |
+---------------------------+ +---------------------------+
Binding Cache Database: Binding Cache Database:
home agent's binding home agent's binding
binding [a:b:c:d::EUI care-of address1 BID1] binding [a:b:c:d::EUI care-of address1 BID1]
binding [a:b:c:d::EUI care-of address2 BID2] binding [a:b:c:d::EUI care-of address2 BID2]
correspondent node's binding correspondent node's binding
binding [a:b:c:d::EUI care-of address1 BID1] binding [a:b:c:d::EUI care-of address1 BID1]
binding [a:b:c:d::EUI care-of address2 BID2] binding [a:b:c:d::EUI care-of address2 BID2]
skipping to change at page 12, line 17 skipping to change at page 12, line 17
This section summarizes the extensions to Mobile IPv6 necessary for This section summarizes the extensions to Mobile IPv6 necessary for
manage multiple bindings. manage multiple bindings.
4.1. Binding Cache Structure and Binding Update List 4.1. Binding Cache Structure and Binding Update List
The BID is required to be stored in the binding cache and binding The BID is required to be stored in the binding cache and binding
update list structure. update list structure.
The sequence number value SHOULD be shared among all the binding The sequence number value SHOULD be shared among all the binding
update list. Whenever a mobile node sends either individual or bulk update list. Whenever a mobile node sends either individual or bulk
binding update, the sequence number is incremented the value of the binding update, the sequence number is incremented. On the other
previous sequence number. On the other hand, if a mobile node hand, if a mobile node manages an individual sequence value per
manages an individual sequence value per binding update list, a binding update list, a mobile node SHOULD carefully select the
mobile node SHOULD carefully select the sequence number value for the sequence number value for the bulk binding update. This is because
bulk binding update. This is because all the bulk-registered all the bulk-registered bindings use the same Sequence Number
bindings use the same Sequence Number specified in the Binding specified in the Binding Update. If each binding uses different
Update. If each binding uses different sequence number, a mobile sequence number, a mobile node MUST use the largest sequence number
node MUST use the largest sequence number from the Binding Update from the Binding Update list entries used for the bulk registration.
list entries used for the bulk registration. If the mobile node If the mobile node cannot select a sequence number for all the
cannot select a sequence number for all the bindings due to sequence bindings due to sequence number out of window, it MUST NOT use the
number out of window, it MUST NOT use the bulk registration for the bulk registration for the binding whose sequence number is out of
binding whose sequence number is out of window. A separate Binding window. A separate Binding Update should be sent for the binding.
Update should be sent for the binding.
4.2. Binding Identifier Mobility Option 4.2. Binding Identifier Mobility Option
The Binding Identifier mobility option is included in the Binding The Binding Identifier mobility option is included in the Binding
Update, Binding Acknowledgement, Binding Refresh Request, and Care-of Update, Binding Acknowledgement, Binding Refresh Request, and Care-of
Test Init and Care-of Test message. Test Init and Care-of Test message.
1 2 3 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type = TBD | Length | | Type = TBD | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Binding ID (BID) | Status |C|O|H|D|Resrvd | | Binding ID (BID) | Status |O|H| Reserved |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-------------------------------+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-------------------------------+
+ + + +
: IPv4 or IPv6 care-of address (CoA) : : IPv4 or IPv6 care-of address (CoA) :
+ + + +
+---------------------------------------------------------------+ +---------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 5: BID Mobility Option Figure 5: BID Mobility Option
Type Type
Type value for Binding Identifier is TBD Type value for Binding Identifier is TBD
Length Length
8-bit unsigned integer. Length of the option, in octets, 8-bit unsigned integer. Length of the option, in octets,
excluding the Type and Length fields. It MUST be set to 4 when excluding the Type and Length fields. It MUST be set to either 4,
the 'C' flag is unset. Otherwise, the Length value MUST be set to 12, or 20 depending on the care-of address field. When the
either 8 or 20 depending on the 'D' (DSMIPv6) flag. care-of address is not carried by this option, the length value
MUST be set to 4. If the IPv4 care-of address is stored in the
care-of address field, the length MUST be 12. Otherwise, the
Length value MUST be set to 20 for IPv6 care-of address.
Binding ID (BID) Binding ID (BID)
The BID which is assigned to the binding indicated by the care-of The BID which is assigned to the binding indicated by the care-of
address in the Binding Update or the BID mobility option. The BID address in the Binding Update or the BID mobility option. The BID
is a 16-bit unsigned integer. The value of zero is reserved and is a 16-bit unsigned integer. The value of zero is reserved and
MUST NOT be used. MUST NOT be used.
Status Status
When the Binding Identifier mobility option is included in a When the Binding Identifier mobility option is included in a
Binding Acknowledgement, this field overwrites the status field in Binding Acknowledgement, this field overwrites the status field in
the Binding Acknowledgement. If this field is zero, the receiver the Binding Acknowledgement. If this field is zero, the receiver
MUST use the registration status stored in the Binding MUST use the registration status stored in the Binding
Acknowledgement message. This Status field is also used to carry Acknowledgement message. This Status field is also used to carry
error information related to the care-of address test in the error information related to the care-of address test in the
Care-of Test message. The status is 8-bit unsigned integer. The Care-of Test message. The status is 8-bit unsigned integer. The
possible status codes are the same as the status codes of Binding possible status codes are the same as the status codes of Binding
Acknowledgement. Acknowledgement.
Care-of address (C) flag
When this flag is set, it indicates that a valid care-of address
is present in the care-of address field in the BID mobility
option. This flag MUST be set whenever the mobile node sends
multiple care-of addresses in a single Binding Update, i.e., bulk
registration. It MAY also used as a substitute for alternate
care-of address option even for Binding Updates that are sent only
for one care-of address. This flag is valid only for Binding
Update sent to the home agent.
Overwrite (O) flag Overwrite (O) flag
When this flag is set, a mobile node requests the recipient to When this flag is set, a mobile node requests the recipient to
replace all the bindings to binding entries stored in a Binding replace all the bindings to binding entries stored in a Binding
Update. Update.
Simultaneous Home and Foreign Binding (H) flag Simultaneous Home and Foreign Binding (H) flag
This flag indicates that the mobile node registers multiple This flag indicates that the mobile node registers multiple
bindings to the home agent while is attached to the home link. bindings to the home agent while is attached to the home link.
This flag is valid only for a Binding Update sent to the home This flag is valid only for a Binding Update sent to the home
agent. agent.
DSMIPv6 (D) flag
This flag indicates that the care-of address is an IPv4 address.
When this flag is set, the care-of address field MUST contain an
IPv4 address.
Reserved Reserved
5 bits Reserved field. The reserved field MUST be zero. 5 bits Reserved field. The reserved field MUST be zero.
Care-of Address Care-of Address
This field has the variable length depending on the specified This field has the variable length depending on the specified
flags. When the 'C' flag is set and the 'D' flag is not, an IPv6 flags. Either IPv4 or IPv6 care-of address for the corresponding
care-of address for the corresponding BID is stored in this field. BID can be stored in this field. This field MUST NOT be used if a
If both 'C' and 'D' flags are set, an IPv4 Care-of Address is Binding Identifier mobility option is included in any other
carried in this field. This field MUST NOT be used if a Binding message other than a Binding Update.
Identifier mobility option is included in any other message other
than a Binding Update or if the 'C' flag is not set.
4.3. New Status Values for Binding Acknowledgement 4.3. New Status Values for Binding Acknowledgement
New status values for the status field in a Binding Acknowledgement New status values for the status field in a Binding Acknowledgement
are defined for handling the multiple Care-of Addresses registration: are defined for handling the multiple Care-of Addresses registration:
MCOA NOTCOMPLETE (TBD < 128) MCOA NOTCOMPLETE (TBD < 128)
In bulk registration, not all the binding identifier mobility In bulk registration, not all the binding identifier mobility
option are successfully registered. Some of them are rejected. option are successfully registered. Some of them are rejected.
skipping to change at page 15, line 32 skipping to change at page 15, line 18
Bulk binding registration is not supported. Bulk binding registration is not supported.
4.4. Link Layer Address Mobility Option 4.4. Link Layer Address Mobility Option
The Link Layer Address mobility option is included only in the The Link Layer Address mobility option is included only in the
deregistration Binding Update when a mobile node returns home with deregistration Binding Update when a mobile node returns home with
simultaneous home and foreign attachment support described in simultaneous home and foreign attachment support described in
Section 5.6.3. This option contains the link-layer address of the Section 5.6.3. This option contains the link-layer address of the
sender of the Binding Update (i.e. a mobile node). This option MUST sender of the Binding Update (i.e. a mobile node). This option MUST
be silently ignored for other mobility header messages. be ignored for other mobility header messages.
REMARK: This option might be removed. In the Proxy Mobile IPv6
specification, the Mobile Node Identifier Option is also defined to
carry the link-layer address. We may reuse their mobility option
instead of defining new option here.
1 2 3 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type = TBD | Length | | Type = TBD | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+ + + +
: Link Layer address : : Link Layer address :
+ + + +
+---------------------------------------------------------------+ +---------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 6: BID Mobility Option Figure 6: Link Layer Address Mobility Option
Type Type
Type value for Link Layer Address is TBD Type value for Link Layer Address is TBD
Length Length
8-bit unsigned integer. Length of the option, in octets, 8-bit unsigned integer. Length of the option, in octets,
excluding the Type and Length fields. It means the length of the excluding the Type and Length fields. It means the length of the
specified link-layer address. specified link-layer address.
Link-Layer Address Link-Layer Address
The variable length link-layer address. The content and format of The variable length link-layer address. The content and format of
this field (including byte and bit ordering) is expected to be this field (including byte and bit ordering) is expected to be
specified in specific documents that describe how IPv6 operates specified in specific documents that describe how IPv6 operates
over different link layers such as [RFC-2464]. over different link layers such as [RFC-2464].
5. Mobile Node Operation 5. Mobile Node Operation
5.1. Management of Care-of Address(es) and Binding Identifier(s) 5.1. Management of Care-of Address(es) and Binding Identifier(s)
There are two cases when a mobile node might acquire several care-of There are two cases when a mobile node might acquire several care-of
skipping to change at page 18, line 47 skipping to change at page 18, line 47
(for Route Optimization) (for Route Optimization)
Figure 7: Binding Update for Binding Registration Figure 7: Binding Update for Binding Registration
5.4. Bulk Registration 5.4. Bulk Registration
Bulk registration is an optimization for binding multiple care-of Bulk registration is an optimization for binding multiple care-of
addresses to a home address using a single Binding Update. This is addresses to a home address using a single Binding Update. This is
very useful if the mobile node, for instance, does not want to send a very useful if the mobile node, for instance, does not want to send a
lot of signaling messages through an interface where the bandwidth is lot of signaling messages through an interface where the bandwidth is
scarce. scarce. This specification support bulk registration only for the
mobile node's home registration. A mobile node performing bulk
registration with a correspondent node is out of scope.
To use bulk registration, the mobile node includes a Binding To use bulk registration, the mobile node includes a Binding
Identifier Mobility option for each BID and Care-of address pair it Identifier Mobility option for each BID and Care-of address pair it
wants to register in the same Binding Update message. This is shown wants to register in the same Binding Update message. This is shown
in Figure 8. The rest of the fields and options in the Binding in Figure 8. The rest of the fields and options in the Binding
Update such as Lifetime, Sequence Number, the flags in the Binding Update such as Lifetime, Sequence Number, the flags in the Binding
Update are common across all care-of addresses. The alternate Update are common across all care-of addresses. The alternate
care-of address option MUST NOT be used. care-of address option MUST NOT be used.
IPv6 header (src=CoA, dst=HA) IPv6 header (src=CoA, dst=HA)
IPv6 Home Address Option IPv6 Home Address Option
ESP Header ESP Header
Mobility header Mobility header
-Binding Update -Binding Update
Mobility Options Mobility Options
- Binding Identifier mobility options - Binding Identifier mobility options (CoA)
(C flag is set, O flag is optional,
BID and CoA are stored)
Figure 8: Binding Update for Bulk Registration Figure 8: Binding Update for Bulk Registration
If the mobile node wants to replace existing registered bindings on If the mobile node wants to replace existing registered bindings on
the home agent with the bindings in the sent Binding Update, it sets the home agent with the bindings in the sent Binding Update, it sets
the 'O' flag. Section 6.3 describes this registration procedure in the 'O' flag. Section 6.3 describes this registration procedure in
detail. detail.
5.5. Binding De-Registration 5.5. Binding De-Registration
skipping to change at page 19, line 50 skipping to change at page 19, line 50
receiver. This is because the receiver will remove the binding that receiver. This is because the receiver will remove the binding that
matches the specified BID. matches the specified BID.
5.6. Returning Home 5.6. Returning Home
The mobile node may return to the home link, by attaching to the home The mobile node may return to the home link, by attaching to the home
link through one of its interfaces. When the mobile node wants to link through one of its interfaces. When the mobile node wants to
return home, it should be configured with information on what return home, it should be configured with information on what
interface it needs to use. The mobile node may use only the interface it needs to use. The mobile node may use only the
interface with which it is attached to the home link, only the interface with which it is attached to the home link, only the
interfaces still attached to the visited link or use both interfaces interfaces still attached to the visited link(s) or use both
attached to the home link and visited link simultaneously. The interfaces attached to the home link and visited link(s)
following describes each option in more detail. simultaneously. The following describes each option in more detail.
5.6.1. Using only Interface attached to the Home Link 5.6.1. Using only Interface attached to the Home Link
The mobile node returns home and de-registers all the bindings as The mobile node returns home and de-registers all the bindings as
shown in Figure 2 and as defined in [RFC-3775]. De-registering all shown in Figure 2 and as defined in [RFC-3775]. De-registering all
the bindings is the same as binding de-registration from foreign link the bindings is the same as binding de-registration from foreign link
described in Section 5.5. After the de-registration step, all the described in Section 5.5. After the de-registration step, all the
packets routed by the home agent are only forwarded to the interface packets routed by the home agent are only forwarded to the interface
attached to the home link, even if there are other active interfaces attached to the home link, even if there are other active interfaces
attached to the visited link. While the mobile node de-registers all attached to the visited link(s). While the mobile node de-registers
the bindings from the home agent, it may continue registering all the bindings from the home agent, it may continue registering
bindings for interface attached to visited link to the correspondent bindings for interface(s) attached to visited link(s) to the
node as shown in Figure 2. correspondent node as shown in Figure 2.
5.6.2. Using only Interface attached to the Visited Link 5.6.2. Using only Interface attached to the Visited Link
The mobile node returns home and shuts down the interface attached to The mobile node returns home and shuts down the interface attached to
the home link as shown in Figure 3. Before shutting down the the home link as shown in Figure 3. Before shutting down the
interface, any binding for the care-of address previously associated interface, any binding for the care-of address previously associated
with the interface should be deleted. To delete the binding cache with the interface should be deleted. To delete the binding cache
entry, the mobile node SHOULD send a de-registration Binding Update entry, the mobile node SHOULD send a de-registration Binding Update
with the lifetime set to zero and include the corresponding BID with the lifetime set to zero and include the corresponding BID
information. If the mobile node does not send a de-registration information. If the mobile node does not send a de-registration
Binding Update, the binding for the care-of address previously Binding Update, the binding for the care-of address previously
assigned to the interface remains at the home agent. This binding is assigned to the interface remains at the home agent until its
deleted only when it expires. In order to avoid this, the mobile lifetime expires.
node SHOULD send a de-registration binding update for the interface
attached to the home link.
This scenario is not the most efficient because all the traffic to In this scenario, despite the face that the mobile node is connected
and from the mobile node is going through the bi-directional tunnel, to its home link, all of its traffic is sent and received via the
whereas the mobile node is now accessible at one hop on the home link home agent and its foreign links.
from its home agent.
5.6.3. Simultaneous Home and Visited Link Operation 5.6.3. Simultaneous Home and Visited Link Operation
[Problems of Simultaneous Home and Foreign Attachments] [Problems of Simultaneous Home and Foreign Attachments]
The mobile node returns home and continues using all the interfaces The mobile node returns home and continues using all the interfaces
attached to both foreign and home links as shown in Figure 4. The attached to both foreign and home links as shown in Figure 4. The
mobile node indicates this by setting the 'H' flag in the BID mobile node indicates this by setting the 'H' flag in the BID
mobility option as defined below. There are additional requirements mobility option as defined below. There are additional requirements
on the Returning Home procedures for possible Neighbor Discovery on the Returning Home procedures for possible Neighbor Discovery
skipping to change at page 21, line 32 skipping to change at page 21, line 29
In this specification, the home agent MUST intercept all the packets In this specification, the home agent MUST intercept all the packets
meant for the mobile node and decide whether to send the traffic meant for the mobile node and decide whether to send the traffic
directly to the home address on the link or tunnel to the care-of directly to the home address on the link or tunnel to the care-of
address. The home agent intercepts all the packets even when the address. The home agent intercepts all the packets even when the
mobile node is attached to the home link through one of its mobile node is attached to the home link through one of its
interfaces. The home agent would make this decision based on the interfaces. The home agent would make this decision based on the
type of packets and flows. How to make this decision is out of scope type of packets and flows. How to make this decision is out of scope
in this document. in this document.
Even when the mobile node returns home, how can home agent intercept Two scenarios are illustrated in Figure 4, depending on whether the
the packets meant for the mobile node at the home link on behalf of Home Agent is a single router at the home link or not. The
the mobile node? We introduce two possible scenarios, illustrated in difference is who will defend the home address by (Proxy) Neighbor
Figure 4, depending on whether the Home Agent is a single router at Discovery on the home link.
the home link or not. The difference is who will defend the home
address by (Proxy) Neighbor Discovery on the home link.
1. Mobile node defends the home address by the regular Neighbor 1. Mobile node defends the home address by the regular Neighbor
Discovery Protocol (illustrated as topology-a in Figure 4). The Discovery Protocol (illustrated as topology-a in Figure 4). The
home agent is the single router to the Internet on the home link. home agent is the single router to the Internet on the home link.
Therefore the home agent is capable of intercepting packets Therefore the home agent is capable of intercepting packets
without relying on the proxy Neighbor Discovery protocol and the without relying on the proxy Neighbor Discovery protocol and the
mobile node can manage the Neighbor Cache entry of the home mobile node can manage the Neighbor Cache entry of the home
address on the home link as a regular IPv6 node. address on the home link as a regular IPv6 node.
2. Home agent continue intercepting the mobile node's packets using 2. The home agent cannot naturally intercept all the packets meant
proxy Neighbor Discovery even after the mobile node's returning for the mobile node by IP routing due to multiple routers on the
home (illustrated as topology-b in Figure 4). The home agent home link. In this case, the mobile node MUST NOT operate
cannot intercept all the packets meant for the mobile node by IP Neighbor Discovery protocol for the home address on the home
routing due to multiple routers on the home link. Due to the link. This allows the home agent to keep using proxy neighbor
possible competing neighbor cache state for the home address, the discovery and thus it keeps receiving all the packets sent to the
mobile node SHOULD NOT operate Neighbor Discovery protocol for mobile node's home address. If the home agent, according to its
the home address on the home link. The problem arises when the local policy, needs to deliver packets to the mobile node over
home agent perform the neighbor discovery to resolve the link- the home link, an issue arises with respect to how the home agent
layer address of the mobile node on the home link. Since the discovers the mobile node's link local address. This
mobile node never answers to the Neighbor Discovery packets for specification introduces a new Link-Layer Address mobility option
the home address, the home agent would need to know the Link- carrying the mobile node's link-layer address in the Binding
Layer address of the interface with which the mobile node is Update. Likewise, the mobile node would also know the link-layer
attached to the home link in other way. This specification address of the default router address to send packets from the
introduces a new Link-Layer Address mobility option carrying the home link without Neighbor Discovery. The link-layer address is
mobile node's link-layer address in the Binding Update. used to transmit packets from and to the mobile node on the home
Likewise, the mobile node would also know the link-layer address link. The packets are transmitted without the Neighbor Discovery
of the default router address to send packets from the home link
without Neighbor Discovery. The link-layer address is used to
transmit packets from and to the mobile node on the home link.
The packets are transmitted without the Neighbor Discovery
protocol by constructing the link-layer header manually. This protocol by constructing the link-layer header manually. This
operation is similar to Mobile IPv6 [RFC-3775] when a mobile node operation is similar to Mobile IPv6 [RFC-3775] when a mobile node
sends a deregistration binding update to the home agent's link- sends a deregistration binding update to the home agent's link-
layer address in returning home operation. layer address in returning home operation.
[Sending Deregistration Binding Update] [Sending Deregistration Binding Update]
o As soon as a mobile node returns home, it sends a de-registration o As soon as a mobile node returns home, it sends a de-registration
Binding Update to the home agent from the interface attached to Binding Update to the home agent from the interface attached to
the home link. the home link.
o The mobile node MUST include the BID mobility option specifying o The mobile node MUST include the BID mobility option specifying
the BID the mobile node had previously associated with the the BID the mobile node had previously associated with the
interface attached to the home link. The 'H' flag MUST be set in interface attached to the home link. The 'H' flag MUST be set in
the BID mobility option. The 'C' flag MUST NOT be set and the the BID mobility option. Any address MUST NOT be set in the
care-of address field MUST NOT be included. When the 'H' flag is Care-of Address field in the BID mobility option. When the 'H'
set, the home agent recognizes that the mobile node wants to flag is set, the home agent recognizes that the mobile node wants
continue using interfaces attached to both home and visited links. to continue using interfaces attached to both home and visited
Note that H flag MUST be set for all the binding updates sent from links. Note that H flag MUST be set for all the binding updates
the mobile node (ex. Binding Update for the interface attached to sent from the mobile node (ex. Binding Update for the
the foreign link). interface(s) attached to the foreign link(s)).
o The mobile node SHOULD include the Link-Layer address mobility o The mobile node SHOULD include the Link-Layer address mobility
option to notify the mobile node's link-layer address to the home option to notify the mobile node's link-layer address to the home
agent, too. This link-layer address is required for the home agent, too. This link-layer address is required for the home
agent to send the Binding Acknowledgement and to forward the agent to send the Binding Acknowledgement and to forward the
mobile node's packet. mobile node's packet.
o According to [RFC-3775], the mobile node MUST start responding to o According to [RFC-3775], the mobile node MUST start responding to
Neighbor Solicitation for its home address right after it sends Neighbor Solicitation for its home address right after it sends
the deregistration Binding Update to the home agent. However, in the deregistration Binding Update to the home agent. However, in
this specification, the mobile node MUST NOT respond to Neighbor this specification, the mobile node MUST NOT respond to Neighbor
Solicitation before receiving a Binding Acknowledgement, since the Solicitation before receiving a Binding Acknowledgement, since the
home agent may continue proxying for the home address. home agent may continue proxying for the home address. If the
mobile node receives [MCOA RETURNHOME WO/NDP (TBD)] status value
in the received Binding Acknowledgment, it MUST NOT respond to
Neighbor Solicitation even after the Binding Acknowledgement.
Otherwise, the mobile node starts answering to Neighbor
Solicitation.
[Sending Binding Acknowledgement] [Sending Binding Acknowledgement]
o When the home agent sends the Binding Acknowledgement after o When the home agent sends the Binding Acknowledgement after
succeeding the binding de-registration, it MUST set the status succeeding the binding de-registration, it MUST set the status
value to either 0 [Binding Update Accepted] or to [MCOARETURNHOME value to either 0 [Binding Update Accepted] or to [MCOARETURNHOME
WO/NDP (TBD)] in the BID mobility option depending on home agent WO/NDP (TBD)] in the Status field of the Binding Acknowledgment
configuration at the home link. The new values are: depending on home agent configuration at the home link. The new
values are:
* Binding Update Accepted (0): NDP is permitted for the home * Binding Update Accepted (0): NDP is permitted for the home
address at the home link. This is regular returning home address at the home link. This is regular returning home
operation of [RFC-3775] operation of [RFC-3775]
* MCOA RETURNHOME WO/NDP (TBD): NDP is prohibited for the home * MCOA RETURNHOME WO/NDP (TBD): NDP is prohibited for the home
address at the home link address at the home link
If the binding update is rejected, the appropriate error value If the binding update is rejected, the appropriate error value
MUST be set to the status field. In this case, the home agent MUST be set to the status field. In this case, the home agent
skipping to change at page 24, line 5 skipping to change at page 23, line 47
o On the other hand, if the home agent is not the only router on the o On the other hand, if the home agent is not the only router on the
home link, it returns [MCOA RETURNHOME WO/NDP] value in the Status home link, it returns [MCOA RETURNHOME WO/NDP] value in the Status
field of the BID mobility option. The home agent learns the field of the BID mobility option. The home agent learns the
mobile node's link-layer address by receiving the link-layer mobile node's link-layer address by receiving the link-layer
address mobility option carried by the Binding Update. It stores address mobility option carried by the Binding Update. It stores
the link-layer address as a neighbor cache entry for the mobile the link-layer address as a neighbor cache entry for the mobile
node so that it can send the packets to the mobile node's link- node so that it can send the packets to the mobile node's link-
layer address. layer address.
o Note that the use of proxy Neighbor Discovery is easier way to
intercept the mobile nodes' packets instead of IP routing in some
deployment scenarios. Therefore, even if a home agent is the only
router, it is an implementation and operational choice whether the
home agent return [Binding Update Accepted] or [MCOA RETURNHOME
WO/NDP].
o If BID option is missed in the Binding Acknowledgement, the home o If BID option is missed in the Binding Acknowledgement, the home
agent might not recognize the simultaneous home and foreign agent might not recognize the simultaneous home and foreign
attachment. The home agent might process the de-registration attachment. The home agent might process the de-registration
Binding Update as one of [RFC-3775] and deletes all the registered Binding Update as one of [RFC-3775] and deletes all the registered
binding cache entries for the mobile node. Thus, the mobile node binding cache entries for the mobile node. Thus, the mobile node
SHOULD stop using the interface attached to foreign link and use SHOULD stop using the interface attached to foreign link and use
only the interface attached to the home link. only the interface attached to the home link.
[Sending Packets from the Home Link] [Sending Packets from the Home Link]
skipping to change at page 25, line 8 skipping to change at page 25, line 8
o On the other hand, if the mobile node does not have any active o On the other hand, if the mobile node does not have any active
care-of address to send a Binding Update and leaves the home link care-of address to send a Binding Update and leaves the home link
(i.e. the mobile node is completely disconnected), the home agent (i.e. the mobile node is completely disconnected), the home agent
continues forwarding packets to the mobile node until the continues forwarding packets to the mobile node until the
expiration of all the binding cache entries for the home address. expiration of all the binding cache entries for the home address.
Once all the bindings are expired, the mobile node is assumed to Once all the bindings are expired, the mobile node is assumed to
be disconnected completely from networks. be disconnected completely from networks.
[Changing Behavior during the attachment to the home link] [Changing Behavior during the attachment to the home link]
When a mobile node would change the home operation to Section 5.6.1
or Section 5.6.2, following procedure should be taken.
If a mobile node decides to return home completely without any active If a mobile node decides to return home completely without any active
foreign link attachment, it simply sends a deregistration binding foreign link attachment, it simply sends a deregistration binding
update as described in Section 5.6.1. Once the home agent receives update as described in Section 5.6.1. Once the home agent receives
such de-registration binding update, the home agent clears all the such de-registration binding update, the home agent clears all the
binding and states for the mobile node. binding and states for the mobile node.
If a mobile node would stop using the interface attached to the home If a mobile node decides to stop using the interface attached to the
link, it simply sends a binding update from the one of active care-of home link, it simply sends a binding update from the one of active
address. In the Binding Update, the mobile node should include the care-of address. In the Binding Update, the mobile node should
BID option for the care-of address and unset the H flag of BID include the BID option for the care-of address and unset the H flag
option. The home agent clears the states of the mobile node for the of BID option. The home agent clears the states of the mobile node
interface attached to the home link and stop forwarding the packets for the interface attached to the home link and stop forwarding the
to the mobile node on the home link. packets to the mobile node on the home link.
5.7. Receiving Binding Acknowledgement 5.7. Receiving Binding Acknowledgement
The verification of a Binding Acknowledgement is the same as Mobile The verification of a Binding Acknowledgement is the same as Mobile
IPv6 (section 11.7.3 of [RFC-3775]). The operation for sending a IPv6 (section 11.7.3 of [RFC-3775]). The operation for sending a
Binding Acknowledgement is described in Section 6.3. Binding Acknowledgement is described in Section 6.3.
If a mobile node includes a Binding Identifier mobility option in a If a mobile node includes a Binding Identifier mobility option in a
Binding Update with the 'A' flag set, a Binding Acknowledgement MUST Binding Update with the 'A' flag set, a Binding Acknowledgement MUST
carry a Binding Identifier mobility option. If no such mobility carry a Binding Identifier mobility option. If no such mobility
skipping to change at page 29, line 35 skipping to change at page 28, line 35
receiver node MUST have only one binding cache entry for the mobile receiver node MUST have only one binding cache entry for the mobile
node. If the Binding Update is for de-registration, the receiver node. If the Binding Update is for de-registration, the receiver
MUST delete all existing bindings from its Binding Cache. MUST delete all existing bindings from its Binding Cache.
If the Binding Update contains a Binding Identifier mobility If the Binding Update contains a Binding Identifier mobility
option(s), it is first validated according to section 9.5.1 of [RFC- option(s), it is first validated according to section 9.5.1 of [RFC-
3775]. Then the receiver processes the Binding Identifier mobility 3775]. Then the receiver processes the Binding Identifier mobility
option(s) as described in the following steps. option(s) as described in the following steps.
o The length value is examined. The length value MUST be either 4, o The length value is examined. The length value MUST be either 4,
8, or 20 depending on the 'C' and 'D' flags. If the length is 8, or 20 depending on the Care-of Address field. If the length is
incorrect, the receiver MUST reject the Binding Update and returns incorrect, the receiver MUST reject the Binding Update and returns
the status value set to [MCOA MALFORMED]. the status value set to [MCOA MALFORMED].
o When the 'C' flag is set, the care-of address MUST be present in o When the Length value is either 12 or 20, the care-of address MUST
the Binding Identifier mobility option. If the care-of address is be present in the Binding Identifier mobility option. If the
not present, the receiver MUST reject the Binding Identifier care-of address is not present, the receiver MUST reject the
mobility option and returns the status value set to [MCOA Binding Identifier mobility option and returns the status value
MALFORMED]. The operation of 'D' flag is described in Section 8 set to [MCOA MALFORMED]. If the Length value is 12, an IPv4 valid
address MUST be present. Otherwise, an IPv6 address MUST be
stored in the Binding Identifier mobility option.
o When multiple Binding Identifier mobility options are present in o When multiple Binding Identifier mobility options are present in
the Binding Update, it is treated as bulk registration. If the the Binding Update, it is treated as bulk registration. If the
receiving node is a correspondent node, it MUST reject the Binding receiving node is a correspondent node, it MUST reject the Binding
Update and returns the status value in the binding acknowledgement Update and returns the status value in the binding acknowledgement
set to [MCOA BULK REGISTRATION NOT SUPPORT] set to [MCOA BULK REGISTRATION NOT SUPPORT]
o If the Lifetime field in the Binding Update is set to zero, the o If the Lifetime field in the Binding Update is set to zero, the
receiving node deletes the binding entry that corresponds to the receiving node deletes the binding entry that corresponds to the
BID in the Binding Identifier mobility option. If the receiving BID in the Binding Identifier mobility option. If the receiving
node does not have an appropriate binding for the BID, it MUST node does not have an appropriate binding for the BID, it MUST
reject the Binding Update and send a Binding Acknowledgement with reject the Binding Update and send a Binding Acknowledgement with
status set to 133 [not home agent for this mobile node]. status set to 133 [not home agent for this mobile node].
o If the 'O' flag is set in the de-registering Binding Update, it is o If the 'O' flag is set in the de-registering Binding Update, it is
ignored. If the 'H' flag is set, the home agent stores a home ignored. If the 'H' flag is set, the home agent stores a home
address in the Care-of Address field of the binding cache entry. address in the Care-of Address field of the binding cache entry.
skipping to change at page 30, line 20 skipping to change at page 29, line 22
ignored. If the 'H' flag is set, the home agent stores a home ignored. If the 'H' flag is set, the home agent stores a home
address in the Care-of Address field of the binding cache entry. address in the Care-of Address field of the binding cache entry.
The home agent also stops performing proxy ND for the mobile The home agent also stops performing proxy ND for the mobile
node's home address. node's home address.
o If the Lifetime field is not set to zero, the receiving node o If the Lifetime field is not set to zero, the receiving node
registers a binding with the specified BID as a mobile node's registers a binding with the specified BID as a mobile node's
binding. The Care-of address is obtained from the Binding Update binding. The Care-of address is obtained from the Binding Update
packet as follows: packet as follows:
* If the 'C' flag is set in the Binding Identifier mobility * If the Length value of the Binding Identifier mobility option
option, the care-of address is copied from the care-of address is 20, the care-of address is copied the IPv6 address from the
field in the Binding Identifier mobility option. care-of address field in the Binding Identifier mobility
option. When the Length value is 12, the address MUST be the
IPv4 valid address. Detail information can be found in
Section 8.
* If the 'C' flag is not set in the Binding Identifier mobility * If the Length value of the Binding Identifier mobility option
option, the care-of address is copied from the source address is 4, the care-of address is copied from the source address
field of the IPv6 header. field of the IPv6 header.
* If the 'C' flag is not set and an alternate care-of address is * If the Length value of the Binding Identifier mobility option
present, the care-of address is copied from the Alternate is 4 and an alternate care-of address is present, the care-of
Care-of address mobility option. address is copied from the Alternate Care-of address mobility
option.
o Once the care-of address(es) have been retrieved from the Binding o Once the care-of address(es) have been retrieved from the Binding
Update, the receiving nodes creates new binding(s). Update, the receiving nodes creates new binding(s).
* If only the 'O' flag is set in the Binding Identifier mobility * If only the 'O' flag is set in the Binding Identifier mobility
option, the home agent removes all the existing bindings and option, the home agent removes all the existing bindings and
registers the received bindings. registers the received bindings.
* If the receiver has a regular binding which does not have BID * If the receiver has a regular binding which does not have BID
for the mobile node, it must not process the binding update. for the mobile node, it must not process the binding update.
skipping to change at page 41, line 7 skipping to change at page 41, line 7
* MCOA MALFORMED (TBD) * MCOA MALFORMED (TBD)
* MCOA BID CONFLICT (TBD) * MCOA BID CONFLICT (TBD)
* MCOA PROHIBITED(TBD) * MCOA PROHIBITED(TBD)
* MCOA BULK REGISTRATION NOT SUPPORTED (TBD) * MCOA BULK REGISTRATION NOT SUPPORTED (TBD)
12. Acknowledgements 12. Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Masafumi Aramoto, George Tsirtsis, The authors would like to special thank George Tsirtsis for thorough
Keigo Aso, Julien Charbon, Tero Kauppinen, Benjamin Lim, Susumu review and suggestions. The authors would also like to thank
Koshiba, Martti Kuparinen, Romain Kuntz, Heikki Mahkonen, Hiroki Masafumi Aramoto, Keigo Aso, Julien Charbon, Tero Kauppinen, Benjamin
Matutani, Koshiro Mitsuya, Nicolas Montavont, Koji Okada, Keisuke Lim, Martti Kuparinen, Romain Kuntz, Heikki Mahkonen, Nicolas
Uehara, Masafumi Watari in alphabetical order, and the Jun Murai Montavont for their discussions and inputs. Thanks to Susumu
Laboratory at the KEIO University. Koshiba, Hiroki Matutani, Koshiro Mitsuya, Koji Okada, Keisuke
Uehara, Masafumi Watari and Jun Murai for earlier work on this
subject.
13. References 13. References
13.1. Normative References 13.1. Normative References
[RFC-2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate [RFC-2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC-2461] Narten, T., Nordmark, E., and W. Simpson, "Neighbor [RFC-2461] Narten, T., Nordmark, E., and W. Simpson, "Neighbor
Discovery for IP Version 6 (IPv6)", RFC 2461, December 1998. Discovery for IP Version 6 (IPv6)", RFC 2461, December 1998.
 End of changes. 46 change blocks. 
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